Relics from the Mayan communities reveal that the Mayans of this period had developed a hieroglyphic system of writing as well as advanced irrigation and terracing methods. The Mayan people settled in villages based upon agricultural cultivation as early as 1500 BCE, and by 200 CE the Mayan villages had developed into cities. The Mayan people (the culture of Esperanza and Estevan) existed as one of the greatest civilizations in the Western Hemisphere before the arrival of European settlers. The government consists of an executive, legislative and judicial branch headed by, respective, a Principal Chief, 15-member Tribal Council and Judicial Appeals Tribunal.
The Cherokee Nation now exists as the federally recognized government of the Cherokee people, and its capital is near Tahlequah, Oklahoma. encroachment in their territory, and, under the Jackson administration's Indian Removal Act in 1830, fifteen thousand Cherokees were displaced on the "Trail of Tears," ending in eastern Oklahoma (the region in which Taylor finds Turtle). Nevertheless, this did not protect the Cherokee from U.S. However, during the nineteenth century the Cherokee people were notable for their assimilation of European culture and their adoption of a government modeled after the United States. A series of wars with English settlers around the Revolutionary War reduced the power of the Cherokee in Tennessee and their other holdings in Georgia and the Carolinas.
The Cherokee people to whom Turtle belongs are of Iroquois lineage originating in the Great Lakes area, they migrated to eastern Tennessee after their defeat at the hands of the Delaware and Iroquois tribes. The history of two Native American groups plays a significant role in the novel, which deals with the history of both the Cherokee nation in North America and the Mayan people of Central America. Kingsolver frequently mentions plant growth she studied biology in college and later got her masters in ecology.
Kingsolver's personal history also inform several of the plotlines and themes of the novel. Kingsolver even sought employment in the medical field, much as Taylor does when she works in the Pittman County hospital. Like Taylor, Barbara Kingsolver was born and raised in rural Kentucky and moved to Tucson, Arizona.
The novel is not autobiographical, but there are numerous parallels between Kingsolver and the narrator, Taylor Greer. The Bean Trees draws from many of the experiences of its author, Barbara Kingsolver, whose personal life and academic training provide some of the background for the novel.
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